- Almaty: The Cultural Capital
Nestled in the foothills of the majestic Tien Shan mountains, Almaty is Kazakhstan’s largest city and its cultural heart. Although it is no longer the capital, Almaty remains the pulse of the country with its cosmopolitan atmosphere, leafy avenues, and thriving arts scene.
Must-See in Almaty:
- Kok Tobe Hill: Ride the scenic cable car up to this hilltop for panoramic views of the city and mountains.
- Zenkov Cathedral: This stunning, multicolored wooden cathedral is one of the tallest of its kind in the world.
- Green Bazaar: Dive into local culture and taste the vibrant flavors of Central Asian cuisine—from horse sausage to dried apricots.
- Big Almaty Lake: A turquoise alpine lake just 30 minutes from the city, perfect for a day hike or picnic.
Almaty also boasts a buzzing café culture, modern shopping malls, and Soviet-era architecture that add to its unique charm.
- Astana (Nur-Sultan): The Futuristic Capital
Kazakhstan’s capital, now officially called Astana again (formerly Nur-Sultan), is a futuristic marvel rising from the steppe. Designed to impress, the city’s skyline features surreal architecture, wide boulevards, and gleaming towers.
Highlights in Astana:
- Bayterek Tower: A symbol of the city, this observation tower offers sweeping views and a chance to place your hand in the golden imprint of former President Nazarbayev.
- Khan Shatyr: The world’s largest tent-like structure is a shopping and entertainment center complete with an indoor beach.
- Hazrat Sultan Mosque: The largest mosque in Central Asia, known for its pristine white facade and ornate domes.
- National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Dive deep into the nation’s rich history and cultural heritage.
Astana is bold, ambitious, and like nowhere else in Central Asia—perfect for travelers who love modern marvels and urban exploration.
- The Charyn Canyon: Kazakhstan’s Grand Canyon
Located about 200 km east of Almaty, Charyn Canyon is a natural wonder that leaves visitors speechless. Often called the “Grand Canyon’s little brother,” it stretches 90 km along the Charyn River.
Why Visit:
- Valley of Castles: A popular part of the canyon featuring naturally formed rock towers that resemble ancient fortresses.
- Eco Park and Riverside Camping: Enjoy glamping or camping by the river, under a sky full of stars.
- Photography Heaven: The canyon changes colors throughout the day, providing spectacular photo opportunities.
Charyn is ideal for a day trip or overnight adventure for those who crave stunning landscapes and quiet solitude.
- Lake Kaindy and the Sunken Forest
Imagine a crystal-clear mountain lake with submerged trees rising from the water like ghostly sentinels. This is Lake Kaindy, one of Kazakhstan’s hidden gems, located in the Kolsai Lakes National Park.
What Makes It Special:
- Submerged Spruce Forest: The result of an earthquake-triggered landslide in 1911, leaving tree trunks eerily protruding from the water.
- Turquoise Waters: The lake’s colors shift from jade to aquamarine depending on the light.
- Adventure Access: Getting there requires a bit of effort—a rugged drive and a short hike—but the reward is well worth it.
This surreal landscape is a favorite among photographers, hikers, and anyone looking to get off the beaten path.
- The Silk Road Legacy: Turkestan
No trip to Kazakhstan is complete without a journey into its historical soul: Turkestan. Once a thriving hub on the ancient Silk Road, Turkestan is home to the awe-inspiring Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Why It Matters:
- Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi: A masterpiece of Timurid architecture, built in the 14th century by order of Tamerlane.
- Spiritual Center: Turkestan remains one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites in Central Asia.
- Revitalized Infrastructure: New developments, including the modern Karavansaray Tourist Complex, blend ancient history with modern comforts.
This city is perfect for travelers fascinated by the spiritual, architectural, and historical wonders of the ancient world.
- The Steppes and the Nomadic Spirit
Kazakhstan’s endless steppe is more than just a vast expanse of grassland—it is a land of stories, silence, and soul. Here, you can experience the true nomadic spirit that has shaped Kazakh culture for centuries.
Where to Go:
- Altyn-Emel National Park: Famous for its Singing Dunes, which emit a humming sound when the wind passes over them.
- Tamgaly Petroglyphs: Over 5,000 ancient rock carvings dating back to the Bronze Age.
- Baikonur Cosmodrome: The world’s first and largest space launch facility, where Yuri Gagarin began his journey into space.
Many eco-tours offer the chance to stay in yurts, enjoy traditional beshbarmak (a local meat and noodle dish), and ride horses across the wide-open plains.
- Shymkent and the South: Colorful and Authentic
Third-largest in population, Shymkent is often overlooked by international tourists—but that’s precisely what makes it special. It offers a more authentic, unpolished experience of Kazakh life.
What to Enjoy:
- Friendly Locals: Known for their warmth and hospitality.
- Rich Cuisine: Shymkent is a culinary capital—don’t miss lagman, plov, and fresh samsa.
- Proximity to Turkestan: A great base for exploring southern Kazakhstan’s history and culture.
If you want to feel like you’re truly off the tourist trail, Shymkent is your go-to.
- Winter Wonderland: Skiing and Snow Adventures
Yes, Kazakhstan has ski resorts—and they’re spectacular.
Top Picks:
- Shymbulak Ski Resort (Almaty): The largest in Central Asia, with well-maintained slopes, modern lifts, and views to die for.
- Tabagan and Ak-Bulak: Smaller resorts perfect for beginners and families.
In winter, Kazakhstan transforms into a snowy playground with ice skating, snowshoeing, and mountain hiking readily available.
- Cuisine: A Taste of the Steppes
Kazakh cuisine is a hearty, meaty affair deeply rooted in nomadic traditions. Expect flavors that are bold, rich, and warming.
Must-Try Dishes:
- Beshbarmak: The national dish, made with boiled meat (usually horse or lamb) over flat noodles.
- Kazy: Horsemeat sausage, a delicacy among locals.
- Baursak: Fried dough balls often served with tea.
- Kumys: Fermented mare’s milk, a traditional drink with a kick.
Pair your meal with local black tea or a shot of vodka, and enjoy it with the unmatched hospitality of Kazakh hosts.
- Practical Tips for Visiting Kazakhstan
- Visa: Many countries enjoy visa-free access for up to 30 days. Check in advance.
- Currency: The Kazakh Tenge (KZT) is the official currency. ATMs are common in cities.
- Language: Kazakh is the official language, but Russian is widely spoken.
- Transport: Long-distance travel is often by train or domestic flight; within cities, apps like Yandex Go work like Uber.
